There are three main types of Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, that are recognized by Islamic scholars:

• Hajj-ul-Tamattu: This is the most common type of Hajj, and it involves performing the rituals of Hajj and the pilgrimage to Mecca during the designated days of the Hajj.
• Hajj-ul-Qiran: This type of Hajj involves performing the rituals of both the Hajj and the lesser pilgrimage, known as the Umrah, at the same time. The rituals of the Umrah can be performed at any time during the year, but the Hajj must be performed during the designated days of the Hajj.
• Hajj-ul-Ifrad: This type of Hajj involves performing only the rituals of the Hajj, without also performing the rituals of the Umrah. This type of Hajj is less common and is typically only undertaken by those who are unable to perform the other types of Hajj due to physical or financial limitations.

It is important to note that all three types of Hajj involve the same core rituals and ceremonies, and they are all considered to be valid and acceptable forms of the pilgrimage. The choice of which type of Hajj to perform is a personal decision that is based on individual circumstances and preferences.

In this articale, I will focus on Hajj ul-Tamattu because that is the target of the majority of Muslims who plan their hajj including myself.

The Hajj is an ancient pilgrimage that has been practiced by Muslims for centuries. According to Islamic tradition, the pilgrimage to Mecca was established by the prophet Abraham, who is considered the father of the Abrahamic religions, including Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. As the Quran states Abraham has built the Kaaba with his son Ishmael, which later became the sacred shrine in Mecca that is the focus of the Hajj, as a place of worship for God.

The story of Abraham’s role in the establishment of the Hajj is told in the Quran, the holy book of Islam. According to the Quran, Abraham received a divine revelation from God instructing him to leave his wife, Hagar, and their son, Ishmael, in the desert near Mecca. When their supplies ran out, Hagar began to search for water to sustain them, and eventually, an angel appeared and showed her where to find a well.

The well, known as the Well of Zamzam, became a source of sustenance for Abraham, Hagar, and Ishmael, and the area around it became a place of pilgrimage for people from all over the world. Abraham is also believed to have built the Kaaba as a place of worship for God, and the Hajj involves a visit to the Kaaba as part of the pilgrimage.

Today, the Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, and it is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims who are physically and financially able to undertake the journey at least once in their lifetime.

For more details, see hajjumrahplanner.com: Tawaf.

The word is derived from the Arabic verb Taafa (Arabic: طاف) which means “to walk around” or “to encircle something”. Its technical meaning is to perform seven anti-clockwise circuits of the Kaaba. One complete circuit of the Kaaba is known as a Shawt (Arabic: شوط ).

Abdullah ibn Umar I narrates:

The Prophet ﷺ said:

“120 mercies descend daily upon the House of Allah, 60 of which are for those who are performing Tawaf, 40 for those who are performing Salah, and 20 for those who gaze at the House of Allah.”

Tabarani

He also reports:

I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ‘Whoever circles the Kaaba seven times (Tawaf) and prays two Rak’ahs will have a reward as if he has freed a slave. A man does not raise his foot and bring it back down except that ten good deeds will be written for him, ten bad deeds will be erased, and he will be raised by ten degrees.’

Ahmad, Hadith No. 27862; Ibn Majah, Hadith No. 2956

He further narrates:

Whomsoever makes 50 Tawafs of the Kaaba (ie. fifty by seven rounds), will be free of all his sins, just as the day his mother gave birth to him.3

Al-Tirmidhi, Hadith No. 866

Intention for Tawaf #

As with any other act of worship, make an intention to perform Tawaf solely for the sake of Allah. The following intention could be made:

O Allah, I intend to perform Tawaf of the Sacred Mosque, so accept it from me and make it easy for me.

The intention doesn’t need to be verbal.

Al-Bayt al-Ma’mur #

The Tawaf is an act of devotion intended to spiritually bring the pilgrim closer to God. It is the only principal rite of Hajj and Umrah not associated directly with acts of worship performed by the Prophet Ibrahim S in ancient times. There are several interpretations that attempt to establish the significance of Tawaf.

One such interpretation is that when pilgrims perform Tawaf around the Kaaba, they are doing so in tandem with the angels that circumambulate al-Bayt al-Ma’mur (the Frequented House) in the celestial realm. Allah says:

وَالطَّورِ- وَكِتَـبٍ مُّسْطُورٍ- فِى رَقّ مَّنْشُورٍ- وَالْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ

By the mount. And [by] a Book inscribed. In parchment spread open. And [by] the frequented House.
Qur'an, Surah At-Tur, 52:1-4

Ibn Kathir V writes the following regarding al-Bayt al-Ma’mur in his Tafsir:

In the two Sahihs it is confirmed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said in the Hadith about al-Isra, after ascending to the seventh heaven: ‘Then, I was taken to al-Bayt al-Ma’mur. It is visited every day by seventy thousand angels who will not come back to visit it again.’ The angels worship Allah in Al-Bayt Al-Ma’mur and perform Tawaf around it just as the people of the earth perform Tawaf around the Kaaba. Al-Bayt al-Ma’mur is the Kaaba of those who reside in the seventh heaven. During the Isra journey, the Prophet ﷺ saw Ibrahim S, who was reclining with his back on al-Bayt al-Ma’mur. It was Ibrahim who built the Kaaba on earth, and surely, the reward is compatible with the action. Al-Bayt al-Ma’mur is parallel to the Kaaba; every heaven has its own house of worship, which is also the direction of prayer for its residents. The house that is located in the lower heaven, is called Bayt al-Izzah. And Allah knows best.

Cosmologically, the Kaaba is regarded as a reflection of al-Bayt al-Ma’mur in the seventh heaven and the Tawaf of the pilgrims reflects that of the angels.

Allah has made the Kaaba, the Sacred House, standing for the people and [has sanctified] the sacred months and the sacrificial animals and the garlands [by which they are identified]. That is so you may know that Allah knows what is in the heavens and what is in the earth and that Allah is Knowing of all things.
Qur'an, surah Al-Ma’idah 5:97

The circumambulation of the Kaaba is a continuous act of worship, 24 hours a day throughout the year. It does not cease, except for a few minutes during the five daily prescribed prayers. This act of Tawaf affirms the worship of one God; just as every orbit has one centre, there is only one God worthy of worship.

Tawaf al-Qudum (Tawaf of Arrival) #

This is the initial Tawaf carried out upon entering Masjid al-Haram in Makkah by those travelling from beyond the Miqat boundaries with the intention of performing Hajj al-Qiran or Hajj al-Ifrad. During Tawaf al-Qudum, Ihram is worn and Idtiba and Raml may be observed. This Tawaf is considered to be a Sunnah.

It is called Tawaf al-Qudum (Tawaf of Arrival) as it is performed on arrival in Makkah. It is also referred to as Tawaf al-Tahiyyah (Tawaf of Greeting) as it has a similar purpose to the two Rakah prayer, known as Tahiyyat al-Masjid (Greeting of the Mosque), that is observed upon entering the mosque.

It should be carried out by Hajj al-Ifrad and Hajj al-Qiran pilgrims after entering Makkah and before Wuquf at Arafat on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah at the latest. Umrah pilgrims don’t perform this Tawaf but observe Tawaf al-Umrah instead, which is identical with the exception of the intention.

Tawaf al-Ziyarah (Tawaf of Visitation) #

Also known as Tawaf al-Ifadah (Tawaf of Pouring Forth)

This is carried out by all Hajj pilgrims on the 10th of Dhul Hijjah after leaving the state of Ihram and changing into regular clothing, before returning to Mina to perform Rami al-Jamarat. Marital relations are prohibited until this Tawaf is completed.

It is known as Tawaf al-Ziyarah (Tawaf of Visitation) as it is performed on visiting the Kaaba after leaving Mina. It is also called Tawaf al-Ifadah (Tawaf of Pouring Forth) because pilgrims pour forth into Makkah from Mina. It is sometimes referred to as Tawaf al-Hajj as it is, by consensus of all the schools of law, a Rukn of the Hajj.

Tawaf al-Wida (the Farewell Tawaf) #

Also known as Tawaf al-Sadr (Tawaf of Leaving)

This is performed by Hajj pilgrims just before leaving Makkah after completing the Hajj. It is the final rite that is performed in Makkah prior to moving on to the next destination. Its performance is Wajib according to the Hanafi and Hanbali schools, requiring Fidyah as atonement if left unobserved, while the Maliki school regards it as a Sunnah, requiring no expiation if neglected.

Rules of Tawaf #

Dua At the Start of Tawaf #

The following Dua was recited by Ali ibn Ali Talib:

سْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ إِيْمَاناً بِكَ وَتَصْدِيْقاً بِكِتَابِكَ، وَوَفَاءً بِعَهْدِكَ، وَاتِّبَاعاً لِسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدْ

In the name of Allah, Allah is the greatest. O Allah, out of faith in You, conviction in Your book, in fulfilment of Your covenant and in emulation of Your Prophet’s Sunnah ﷺ.

Turn to your right, ensuring the Kaaba is on your left side and begin the first circuit of your Tawaf. Proceed in an anti-clockwise direction, making sure you walk around the Hijr Ismail. If you walk through it, the circuit won’t count and it will have to be repeated. If your Tawaf requires it, perform Raml if there is sufficient room to do so.

Tawaf should be performed with extreme humility, keeping in mind the greatness of the Kaaba. Avoid talking about unnecessary and worldly things and avoid eating and drinking during your Tawaf. Imam Nawawi V said:

One must pay good attention to one’s sincerity, devotion, presence of heart and etiquette in both one’s apparent and hidden actions; gaze; demeanour and manner because the Tawaf is prayer. It is necessary to uphold all its etiquettes and fill the heart with the emotions of one who is performing the Tawaf of His house.

Dhikr & Dua #

During your Tawaf, you may recite prayers and supplications. Duas are accepted during Tawaf so you may supplicate in any language and in any manner that you prefer. There are recommended Quranic and Prophetic supplications you can make, which you can memorise and learn the meanings of. You may also recite the Quran and send Salawat upon the Prophet ﷺ. Making Tawaf without reciting any invocations is also regarded as an act of worship. Regarding this, Imam Ibn Hibban V said:

Specifying a Dua would take the moment away, because with specific Duas, one will merely be repeating words, whereas this occasion is for any Dua and for remembering one’s Lord with humility and sincerity.

It is recorded in Ibn Majah that the following Duas may be read during Tawaf:

O Allah, I ask You for forgiveness and safety in the worldly life and Hereafter.

Glory be to Allah. All Praise is due to Allah. There is no god besides Allah. Allah is the Greatest. There is no power or might except with Allah, the Most High and the Most Great.

If Salah Starts During Tawaf #

The Tawaf should be completed in a continuous manner with no interruptions between circuits. However, if a congregational prayer is due to start, you must join the congregation and resume your Tawaf from the position that you stopped. The circuit need not be repeated. These rules also apply if you need to repeat your Wudhu.

Finishing Tawaf #

Proceed in the same manner until have you completed seven circuits. Performing Istilam at the start of Tawaf and at the end is a highly emphasised Sunnah and performing Istilam on the other six occasions is desirable.

If you are in a state Idtiba i.e. you have your right shoulder uncovered, cover your shoulder with your Ihram.

Where to do Tawaf #

• Ground Level: The ground level is the quickest but is also the most crowded, especially during peak times. Be prepared to be pushed, squashed and possibly have wheelchairs knock into the back of your legs. If you’re performing Tawaf on the ground level, it’s advisable to begin the first circuit as far out as possible, then slowly move towards the Kaaba, completing circuits 2-6 in close proximity to the Kaaba, before slowly moving away from the inner circle on the final circuit.

  If you start Tawaf on the ground floor but you’re struggling to cope with the crowds, it is acceptable to continue and complete your Tawaf on another floor. If you move to another floor midway through a circuit, you will need to redo that circuit on the new floor, so it’s best to try to complete the circuit prior to moving.

• Middle Level: The middle level is also crowded and has pillars that you need to negotiate.

• Roof Level: The roof level is less crowded and is a good option for those who want to avoid being squashed by others. However, the Tawaf will take considerably longer to finish as there is a larger space to cover.

Narrated Ibn Abbas:

The Prophet arrived at Mecca and performed Tawaf of the Kaaba and Sa’i between Safa and Marwa, but he did not go near the Kaba after his Tawaf till he returned from Arafat.

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 691

Question of wearing shoes

Idtiba #

Idtiba refers to the practice of uncovering the right shoulder during Tawaf. To do so, pass the top sheet of your Ihram (Rida) under your right armpit, allowing it to hang from your left shoulder. Your right shoulder will be uncovered for the duration of the Tawaf. The Prophet ﷺ performed Idtiba during the Hajjat al-Wida, as reported by Ya’la ibn Umayyah I:

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went round the House (the Kaaba) wearing a green Yamani mantle under his right armpit with the end over his left shoulder.

Ar-Raml #

Ar-Raml is the ritual where male pilgrims are required to walk briskly with their chests thrust forward and with their shoulders rolling slightly during the first three circuits of Tawaf ul-Qudum (Arrival Tawaf). Ladies are not required to practice Raml. Ar-Raml was prescribed for Muslims as when they carry out this ritual they look like a wide ocean or a huge army; the matter which makes Muslims appear very strong in the eyes of their enemies.

Raml (Arabic: refers to the practice of walking quickly, lifting the legs forcefully and sticking out the chest while moving the shoulders during Tawaf al-Umrah and Tawaf al-Qudum, so as to imitate a warrior. It is a Sunnah to perform Raml for the first three rounds before returning to normal walking pace for the final four rounds. Neglecting Raml will not invalidate the Tawaf.

The practice of Raml was ordered by the Prophet ﷺ in a display of strength against the enemies of Islam:

Ibn Abbas narrated: “When Allah’s Messenger ﷺ and his companions came to Makkah, the pagans circulated the news that a group of people were coming to them and they had been weakened by the Fever of Yathrib (Madinah). So the Prophet ordered his companions to do Ramal in the first three rounds of Tawaf of the Kaaba and to walk between the two corners (The Black Stone and Yemenite corner). The Prophet ﷺ did not order them to do Ramal in all the rounds of Tawaf out of pity for them.”

[Narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari]

Narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari:

Ibn Abbas narrated: “The Prophet ﷺ hastened in going around the Kaaba and between the Safa and Marwa in order to show the pagans his strength. Ibn Abbas added, “When the Prophet ﷺ arrived (at Makkah) in the year of peace (following that of Al-Hudaibiya treaty with the pagans of Makkah), he (ordered his companions) to do Ramal in order to show their strength to the pagans and the pagans were watching (the Muslims) from (the hill of) Quaiqan.”

The practice of Raml was retained by the companions:

Aslam said: “I heard Umar ibn al-Khattab say: ‘What is the need of walking proudly (Ramal) and moving the shoulders (while going round the Kaaba)? Allah has now strengthened Islam and obliterated disbelief and the infidels. In spite of that we shall not forsake anything that we used to do during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .'”

[Narrated in Sunan Abu Dawud]

Hajar al-Aswad #

Hajar al-Aswad (“The Black Stone”) is a sacred rock encased with silver that has been placed in the southeastern corner of the Kaaba, believed to have descended from heaven. According to a tradition of the Prophet ﷺ , it was originally white in colour but eventually turned black as a result of absorbing the sins of man. The Hajar al-Aswad is the starting and end point of each circuit during the rite of Tawaf, at which point pilgrims are supposed to kiss, touch or gesture towards the stone as they pass it as part of a ritual called Istilam.

• Kissing – If you manage to get close enough to the Hajar al-Aswad, place both hands on it, place your face between your hands, say “bismi llāhi wallāhu akbar (ِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ)” and kiss it lightly. Some scholars have said it is preferable to kiss it three times if you have the chance.
• Touching – If it is crowded, touch the Hajar al-Aswad with your hand(s) and kiss your hand(s). This is called Istilam.
• Istilam/Saluting – If it isn’t possible to reach the stone, as is likely to be the case, perform a symbolic Istilam from afar. To do this, face the Hajar al-Aswad directly and raise your hands up to your earlobes (as you would do when starting Salah). Ensure your palms are also facing it, as though your face and hands are on the Hajar al-Aswad and say “bismi llāhi wallāhu akbar (ِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ).” You may kiss your palms thereafter if you wish.

Narrated ‘Abis bin Rabia:

‘Umar came near the Black Stone and kissed it and said “No doubt, I know that you are a stone and can neither benefit anyone nor harm anyone. Had I not seen Allah’s Apostle kissing you I would not have kissed you.”

Volume 2, Book 26, Number 667

Narrated Salim that his father said:

I saw Allah’s Apostle arriving at Mecca; he kissed the Black Stone Corner first while doing Tawaf and did ramal in the first three rounds of the seven rounds (of Tawaf).

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 673

Narrated Ibn Abbas:

The Prophet performed Tawaf of the Ka’ba riding a camel, and every time he came in front of the Corner (having the Black Stone), he pointed towards it with something he had with him and said Takbir.

Quran, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 682

Narrated Ibn Abbas:

Allah’s Apostle performed Tawaf (of the Kaba) ending a camel (at that time the Prophet had foot injury). Whenever he came to the Corner (having the Black Stone) he would point out towards it with a thing in his hand and say, “Allahu-Akbar.”

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 697

Rukn al-Yamani #

Upon reaching the Rukn al-Yamani (the Yemeni Corner), the corner just before the Hajar al-Aswad, touch it with both hands or your right hand if you are near enough to do so. If you manage to touch it, recite “Allāhu akbar (اللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ)” as you touch it. If it’s too crowded, as is likely to be the case, proceed without pronouncing Takbir or gesturing towards it. It is a Sunnah to recite the following Dua between the Rukn al-Yamani and the Hajar al-Aswad:

O our Lord, grant us the good of this world, the good of the Hereafter, and save us from the punishment of the fire.
Qur'an, surah Al-Baqarah, 2:201

Other Corners #

It is not a Sunnah to touch the other two corners of the Kaaba, known as Rukn al-Shami (the Syrian Corner) and Rukn al-Iraqi (the Iraqi corner). This is based on the narration by Abdullah ibn Umar. The reason the Prophet ﷺ did not touch these corners was because they weren’t built on the foundations of the Kaaba originally built by Ibrahim S. The Hajar al-Aswad and the Rukn al-Yamani, were, on the other hand, laid on the foundations raised by Ibrahim S.

Maqam Ibrahim: The stepping stone used by Prophet Ibrahim (peace and blessings be upon him) during the original construction of the Kabah. The stone carries the imprints of his feet and is housed in a glass enclosure on the north side of the Kabah.

keep in mind that since Maqam Ibrahim is situated within the Mataf, there is often nowhere for pilgrims performing Tawaf to move, except around and almost over the top of those praying just beyond Maqam Ibrahim, resulting in a great deal of congestion. Therefore, if it isn’t possible to perform the prayer there as a result of crowding, it can be performed anywhere in Masjid al-Haram.

While moving to the place where you intend to perform the two Rakahs, it is recommended to recite the following:

وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى

And take the Maqam Ibrahim as a place of Salah.
Quran, surah al-Baqarah, 2:125

Read More on islamonline : https://islamonline.net/en/glossary-of-hajj-related-terms/

Narrated Ibn Umar:

The Prophet reached Mecca, circumambulated the Kaba seven times and then offered a two Rakat prayer behind Maqam Ibrahim. Then he went towards the Safa. Allah has said, “Verily, in Allah’s Apostle you have a good example.”

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 693

• Documentary about Zamzam
• Nitrate and arsenic conentration status in Zamzam water

One common time for Muslims to drink Zamzam water is after performing the Tawaf or after completing the Sa’i.

The Prophet ﷺ said:

“The water of Zamzam is for whatever purpose it is drunk for.”

Before drinking the Zamzam water, make an intention that its consumption will be a means of fulfilling your wishes, whether that is good health, success in this world, or protection from the tribulations of the grave. When drinking the water, it is Mustahabb to should stand and face the Kaaba, say Bismillah, pause to take a breath three times, and say Alhamdulillah after finishing. You may recite the following Dua after drinking the water:

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا وَ رِزْقًا وَاسِعًا وَ شِفَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ

O Allah, I ask You for knowledge that is beneficial, provision that is abundant and a cure from every illness.

You may also make any other supplication of your choosing as it’s another station where Duas are accepted.

Narrated Ibn Abbas:

Allah’s Apostle came to the drinking place and asked for water. Al-Abbas said, “O Fadl! Go to your mother and bring water from her for Allah’s Apostle.” Allah’s Apostle said, “Give me water to drink.” Al-Abbas said, “O Allahs Apostle! The people put their hands in it.” Allah’s Apostle again said, ‘Give me water to drink. So, he drank from that water and then went to the Zam-zam (well) and there the people were offering water to the others and working at it (drawing water from the well). The Prophet then said to them, “Carry on! You are doing a good deed.” Then he said, “Were I not afraid that other people would compete with you (in drawing water from Zam-zam), I would certainly take the rope and put it over this (i.e. his shoulder) (to draw water).” On saying that the Prophet pointed to his shoulder.

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 700

The Multazam #

The Multazam (ملتزم) is the area between Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Kaaba. It is about two metres wide and is a place where supplications are accepted.

After you have finished drinking Zamzam water, you may proceed to the Multazam.

The Multazam is almost impossible to get to during Hajj season due to the large crowds that gather. However, it is accessible during other parts of the year.

If it possible to reach the Multazam, raise your hands above your head, cling to the wall and press your chest and cheeks against it. It is a Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ and yet another station where supplications are accepted, so you should lengthen your Dua here.

If you can’t reach the Multazam due to the crowds, you may face it and supplicate from a distance.

Istilam of the Hajar al-Aswad #

Prior to performing Sa’i, it is a Sunnah to perform Istilam of the Hajar al-Aswad. You will be performing Istilam for the ninth time, following the eight times you performed Istilam during Tawaf. This Istilam is only applicable if you’re going to perform Sa’i immediately after the Tawaf.

Indeed, Safa and Marwa are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes Hajj to the House or performs Umrah – there is no blame upon him for walking between them. And whoever volunteers good – then indeed, Allah is appreciative and Knowing.
Qur'an, surah Al-Baqarah (The Cow), 2:158

Sa’i is Performed After Tawaf #

The Sa’i should take place after Tawaf.

Safa and Marwa are two hills associated with the prophet Abraham and his family. Abraham’s wife, Hagar, and their son, Ishmael, were left in the desert near Mecca by Abraham, who was commanded by God to do so. Hagar and Ishmael were stranded in the desert with no water, and Hagar ran back and forth between the hills of Safa and Marwa in search of water for her son. Eventually, Jibril revealed to Hagar the location of the well of Zamzam, which provided water for them.

During the Hajj, Muslims are required to walk or run seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwa as part of the ritual of Sa’i. This ritual is a symbolic reenactment of Hagar’s search for water for her son.

Safa and Marwa have become smaller these days and people keep expanding the Masjid al-Haram so that currently the Safa and Marwah hills are inside the mosque.

• For those performing Umrah, Sa’i should be observed after Tawaf al-Umrah.
• For those performing Hajj al-Tamattu, Sa’i should be performed twice: once after after Tawaf al-Umrah and another after Tawaf al-Ziyarah.
• For those performing Hajj al-Qiran or Hajj al-Ifrad, Sa’i should be carried once out after either Tawaf al-Qudum or Tawaf al-Ziyarah. If it is performed after Tawaf al-Qudum on arriving in Makkah, it will no longer be necessary to perform it after Tawaf al-Ziyarah.
• According to the Hanafi school of thought, those performing Hajj al-Qiran should perform Sa’i twice: once after Tawaf al-Umrah and again after either Tawaf al-Qudum or Tawaf al-Ziyarah.

Narrated ‘Urwa:

I asked ‘Aisha: “How do you interpret the statement of Allah, ‘Verily! (the mountains) As-Safa and Al-Marwa are among the symbols of Allah, and whoever performs the Hajj to the Ka’ba or performs ‘Umra, it is not harmful for him to perform Tawaf between them (Safa and Marwa.)’ (2.158). By Allah! (it is evident from this revelation) there is no harm if one does not perform Tawaf between Safa and Marwa.” ‘Aisha said, “O, my nephew! Your interpretation is not true. Had this interpretation of yours been correct, the statement of Allah should have been, ‘It is not harmful for him if he does not perform Tawaf between them.’ But in fact, this divine inspiration was revealed concerning the Ansar who used to assume lhram for worship ping an idol called “Manat” which they used to worship at a place called Al-Mushallal before they embraced Islam, and whoever assumed Ihram (for the idol), would consider it not right to perform Tawaf between Safa and Marwa.

When they embraced Islam, they asked Allah’s Apostle (p.b.u.h) regarding it, saying, “O Allah’s Apostle! We used to refrain from Tawaf between Safa and Marwa.” So Allah revealed: ‘Verily; (the mountains) As-Safa and Al-Marwa are among the symbols of Allah.’ " Aisha added, “Surely, Allah’s Apostle set the tradition of Tawaf between Safa and Marwa, so nobody is allowed to omit the Tawaf between them.” Later on I (‘Urwa) told Abu Bakr bin ‘Abdur-Rahman (of ‘Aisha’s narration) and he said, ‘i have not heard of such information, but I heard learned men saying that all the people, except those whom ‘Aisha mentioned and who used to assume lhram for the sake of Manat, used to perform Tawaf between Safa and Marwa.

When Allah referred to the Tawaf of the Ka’ba and did not mention Safa and Marwa in the Quran, the people asked, ‘O Allah’s Apostle! We used to perform Tawaf between Safa and Marwa and Allah has revealed (the verses concerning) Tawaf of the Ka’ba and has not mentioned Safa and Marwa. Is there any harm if we perform Tawaf between Safa and Marwa?’ So Allah revealed: “Verily As-Safa and Al-Marwa are among the symbols of Allah.” Abu Bakr said, “It seems that this verse was revealed concerning the two groups, those who used to refrain from Tawaf between Safa and Marwa in the Pre-lslamic Period of ignorance and those who used to perform the Tawaf then, and after embracing Islam they refrained from the Tawaf between them as Allah had enjoined Tawaf of the Ka’ba and did not mention Tawaf (of Safa and Marwa) till later after mentioning the Tawaf of the Ka’ba.’

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 706

Narrated ‘Amr bin Dinar:

I heard Ibn ‘Umar saying, “The Prophet arrived at Mecca and performed Tawaf of the Ka’ba and then offered a two-Rakat prayer and then performed Tawaf between Safa and Marwa.” Ibn ‘Umar then recited (the verse): “Verily! In Allah’s Apostle (p.b.u.h) you have a good example. "

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 709

To Commence from Safa The first lap must begin at Safa. If an individual starts from Marwa, the lap would be considered void.

Completion of Seven Laps After starting the first lap at Safa, it must end at Marwa and the next lap must begin at Marwa and end at Safa, until seven laps are completed. The laps are counted as follows:

If during the course of Sa’i you have doubts regarding the amount of laps you have completed, you should take the lowest amount you think you have done.

To Cover the Full Distance Between Safa and Marwa #

The entire distance between Safa and Marwa must be traversed, a distance of 450 metres (1,480 ft), with the seven laps amounting to approximately 3.15 km (1.96 miles). If any part of this distance is left uncovered, the Sa’i will remain incomplete.

Fast walking on the green area #

Narrated Ibn ‘Umar:

When the Prophet performed the Tawaf of the Ka’ba, he did Ramal during the first three rounds and in the last four rounds he used to walk and while doing Tawaf between Safa and Marwa, he used to run in the midst of the rain water passage.

Quran, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 685

It is recommended to make a final Dua here and also to perform two Rakahs of Nafl Salah in Masjid al-Haram following Sa’i.

Leave the Haram #

As you leave Masjid al-Haram, step out with your left foot and recite the following Dua, as was the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ when leaving the mosque:

In the name of Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, I ask of you from Your bounty.

Perform Halq or Taqsir. Men are recommended to have their hair trimmed rather than shaved as they will have their heads shaved at a later stage during Hajj.

Your Umrah is now complete and the restrictions of Ihram have now been lifted. You can shower and wear your everyday clothes. You will wait for the 8th of Dhul Hijjah to the start the rites of Hajj.

If you are performing Hajj al-Tamattu, you would have taken off your Ihram garments after having completed Umrah. It is Mustahabb (recommended) that you take a shower, cut your nails and trim your moustache prior to wearing the Ihram garments.

You will then perform two Rakats of Nafl Salah, pronounce a new Niyyah (intention) for Hajj, recite Talbiyah and enter into the state of Ihram before the morning of the 8th of Dhul Hijjah. It is Mustahabb to carry this out at Masjid al-Haram, although it’s also perfectly acceptable at your place of residence. Please note, you don’t have to travel to the nearest Miqat (Masjid Aisha) in order to enter into Ihram.

Entering Ihram #

Ihram is a state of ritual purity that is required for Muslims who are performing the Hajj. Ihram is a symbol of devotion and commitment to God. To enter into the state of Ihram, a person must perform the following steps:

• Take a ritual bath (known as a ghusl) to cleanse the body and purify the mind.
• Put on the ihram garments, which consist of two white, unstitched pieces of cloth for men (one for the upper body and one for the lower body) and a simple, white garment for women.
• Make the intention (niyyah) to perform the Hajj and enter into the state of Ihram. This intention should be made in the heart and should be accompanied by a verbal declaration ('Labbaika Allahumma labbaik, Labbaika la sharika Laka labbaik, Inna-l-hamda wan-ni'mata Laka walmu Lk, La sharika Laka').
• Observe the rules of Ihram, which include abstaining from certain activities, such as cutting or trimming the hair or nails, engaging in sexual activity, and wearing perfume.

Narrated Nafi’:

Whenever Ibn ‘Umar intended to go to Mecca he used to oil himself with a sort of oil that had no pleasant smell, then he would go to the Mosque of Al-Hulaita and offer the prayer, and then ride. When he mounted well on his Mount and the Mount stood up straight, he would proclaim the intention of assuming Ihram, and he used to say that he had seen the Prophet doing the same.

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 625

Narrated Anas bin Malik:

Ali came to the Prophet (p.b.u.h) from Yemen (to Mecca). The Prophet asked Ali, “With what intention have you assumed Ihram?” Ali replied, “I have assumed Ihram with the same intention as that of the Prophet.” The Prophet said, “If I had not the Hadi with me I would have finished the Ihram.” Muhammad bin Bakr narrated extra from Ibn Juraij, “The Prophet said to Ali, “With what intention have you assumed the Ihram, O Ali?” He replied, “With the same (intention) as that of the Prophet.” The Prophet said, “Have a Hadi and keep your Ihram as it is.”

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 629

How to Wear Ihram #

Watch how to wear ihram from a sheikh.

Talbiyah #

One enters into ihram with talbiyah. Talbiyah is the heart’s most profound surrender to the invitation and call of Allah: Here I come to You, my Lord, here I come – fully and forever.

Labayk Allahuma labaik

Labaik Allahumma labaika Hajjan

Talbiyah is a phrase that is recited by Muslims during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The phrase, “Labbaika Allahumma Labbaik” (meaning “Here I am at Your service, O Lord”), is a declaration of devotion and submission to God, and it is recited as a way of expressing the intention to perform the Hajj.

Talbiyah is recited at various points during the Hajj, including at the start of the journey to Mecca, at the beginning of the rituals of the Hajj, and during the journey between the hills of Safa and Marwah.

If one has the intention of performing the umrah first and then the hajj (At-Tamatu’), he can say the words in the first Talbiyah:

 Labaik Allahumma labaika umratan mutamti'an bihaa ila-l hajj 

 Here I am O Allah, serving You; here I am serving You with the umrah with interruption of the ihram state until hajj ❁

Narrated ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar:

The Talbiya of Allah’s Apostle was : 'Labbaika Allahumma labbaik, Labbaika la sharika Laka labbaik, Inna-l-hamda wan-ni'mata Laka walmu Lk, La sharika Laka' (I respond to Your call O Allah, I respond to Your call, and I am obedient to Your orders, You have no partner, I respond to Your call All the praises and blessings are for You, All the sovereignty is for You, And You have no partners with you.

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 621

Narrated ‘Aisha:

I know how the Prophet used to say (Talbiya) and it was: ‘Labbaika Allahumma Labbaik, Labbaika la sharika Laka labbaik, Inna-l-hamda wan-ni’mata Laka walmu Lk, La sharika Laka’.

Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 622

You will then proceed to Mina via coach before the time for Dhuhr has come in. It is a Sunnah to leave for Mina on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah after sunrise as was the practice of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. Recite Talbiyah frequently during this journey.

Please note, it is the usual practice of tour operators to take groups to Mina after Isha Salah the night before. If you can travel to Mina on the morning of the 8th of Dhul Hijjah by a coach organised by your tour operator or Mutawwif, you will have completed a Sunnah.

Walking #

You may also walk from Makkah to Mina if you wish to do so. The walk begins from the pedestrian tunnels which are located between Safa and Marwa, taking you directly to the Jamarat in Mina. Once you’re in Mina, your camp may be at the far end, which will require further walking.

If you intend to walk to Mina, ensure:

• You will be able to manage the walk (it is about 8 kilometres (5-6 miles) to the camps, taking approximately 2 hours to walk) and it will not affect your Hajj later on.
• The person leading the walking group knows his way to the camp.
• You stay close to your group, otherwise, the chance of getting separated is very high.
• It is also advisable not to travel by taxi or private coach as it may prove difficult for the driver to get to the camps, especially since there are various checkpoints that need to be crossed.

Arrival #

When you arrive in Mina, you will be struck by the fact that everything looks the same, so you must be careful not to get lost. Acquaint yourself with the area around your camp and identify some distinguishing landmarks so you know your way back to the camp.

You will stay in Mina for the full day and part of the following day (9th of Dhul Hijjah). After you have settled down in your tent, you will perform Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha prayers in Qasr form i.e. you will shorten the prayers as if you were a traveller.

The shortening of the prayer is applicable to everyone, regardless of whether the individual is a resident of Makkah or not. During your stay in Mina, spend your time in prayer and supplication.

You will spend the night of the 8th of Dhul Hijjah in Mina. With this, your first day of Hajj has been completed.

Facilities #

• Mina is situated east of Makkah Mukarramah, with its boundary starting about 3 miles away from Makkah.
• It is approximately 20 square kilometres in size.
• The camps of Mina are approximately 8 kilometres (5-6 miles) away from Makkah.
• During Hajj, there are more than 100,000 air-conditioned tents in Mina, which provide temporary accommodation for pilgrims.
• Mina is known as the “Tent City” due to its vast amount of tents.

Accommodation #

Pilgrims in Mina are divided into groups and their accommodation is pre-allocated according to the country they’re from. Streets and camps are numbered, so learn your camp number or note it down somewhere.

Tips:

• If you have a choice, don’t choose a tent near the toilets or a cooking area.
• Try to choose a tent near the middle or back of the camp because the entrances to camps are usually busy.
• If you are in a larger tent, choose a sleeping area closer to the back of the tent. The front and middle areas of the tent are normally used for Salah, lectures and eating, so you will avoid having to constantly move your things around to accommodate for this, which can prove quite an inconvenience.
• As soon as you enter your tent, claim your position within the tent by throwing down your mat in your selected area and sitting down and laying on it. Avoid any confrontations or arguments for spaces in the tent. However, ensure you don’t take too much space.
• Don’t spend too much time discussing worldly affairs in your tent.
• Don’t be too concerned about what is happening in other tents or which personalities are present in those tents.
• Attend lectures in other tents, if you feel they may be of benefit to you.

Food #

Hajj packages normally provide food for the days of Hajj, but you may have to pay a little extra if it wasn’t included in your original package.

There are a number of shops to buy food from in Mina, although the price of everything doubles during the Hajj period so be prepared to pay extra.

It is generally a good idea to keep biscuits, dates, fruits and water with you. Ensure you drink plenty of water to keep hydrated as it can get very hot in Mina. It’s advisable to keep some sweets to provide you with some energy when you need it. You will also have access to tea and coffee areas.

Sleeping #

Some tents are more comfortable than othersSome tents are more comfortable than others This is where you can make use of your inflatable air mattress or sleeping bag if you have purchased one. If you haven’t got an air mattress, a straw Hajji mat can be purchased and used to sleep on. Some of the tents in Mina are also carpeted.

You will notice many pilgrims sleeping in all sorts of places in Mina – on the streets, under bridges, in the tunnels and even on top of the mountains.

Boundaries #

You must ensure you remain within the specified boundaries of Mina during the 10th, 11th, 12th and possibly 13th. The boundaries for Mina are indicated by large green signposts.

It is sometimes the case that camps are situated in Muzdalifah, outside the boundary of Mina. If your camp is located outside the boundary, it is important that you inform your tour operator, as you have paid for arranging your accommodation in the correct location. However, avoid getting into an unnecessary argument with your tour operator if this is the case.

Mosques #

The main mosque in Mina is known as Masjid al-Khayf, located near the smallest Jamarah at the base of the mountain in the south of Mina. It is reported that the Prophet ﷺ, as well as 70 prophets that preceded him, performed Salah here.

If you want to go to this Masjid, make sure you know your way there or go with someone that does, otherwise you may end up getting lost.

Toilet & Washing Facilities #

All the camps in Mina have shower and toilet facilities. The toilets have been combined with shower facilities, which provide water 24 hours a day.

The toilet areas can get very busy so be prepared to wait a while for your turn.

There are also Wudhu facilities available next to the toilet areas. Again, these facilities can get very crowded.

Tips:

• Be early and avoid the crowds to take a shower or to perform Wudhu.
• Wake up at least one hour prior to Fajr in order to avoid the rush to use the washing facilities in the morning.
• Avoid the washing facilities about 20 minutes before Salah and immediately after having a meal.
• Use the washing facilities when people are eating, sleeping, or listening to lectures.
• Bring a suction hook to hang your Ihram when using the toilet / shower as there may not be any hooks in the cubicle.

Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ Day of Arafat

Takbir al-Tashreeq #

Starting immediately after Fajr Salah on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, audibly recite Takbir al-Tashreeq at least once after every Fardh Salah, up to and including Asr Salah on the 13th of Dhul Hijjah (a total of 23 Fardh prayers).

Takbir al-Tashreeq is the recitation of the following:

اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وَاَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْد

Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La Ilaha Ilallahu Wallahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Wa Lillahil Hamd.

Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest. There is no deity besides Allah and Allah is the greatest. Allah is the greatest and all praises are for Allah only.

Notes:

• Talbiyah is recited after Takbir al-Tashreeq.
• Takbir al-Tashreeq is Wajib (obligatory) for both men and women, according to the Hanafi Madhhab.
• Men will recite it audibly whilst women will recite it softly.

Ghusl for the Day of Arafat #

It is Sunnah to perform Ghusl on the Day of Arafat. This can be done in Arafat before the Wuquf (standing) or it can be done in Mina before departing for Arafat. The camps in Arafat are more open in comparison to Mina, so it may be more comfortable for a person, particularly a woman, to perform Ghusl in Mina. The restrictions of Ihram obviously apply too, so extra care should be taken when doing Ghusl i.e. no scrubbing and ensuring shampoo / soap is unscented if used, etc.

Travelling to Arafat #

Depart from Mina after sunrise, as this was the practice of the Prophet ﷺ. The distance from Mina to Arafat is about 13 kilometres (8 miles).

Most pilgrims tend to reach Arafat before or after Dhuhr, although delays may occur due to traffic congestion. Don’t panic if you’re still in Mina at this time and you feel you are late; your tour operator will ensure you reach your destination. Use this time wisely; you may engage in Dhikr, make Dua, take a shower or have breakfast.

As you leave, traffic may flow very slowly and you may find that it gets quite hot on the bus. Ensure you take cold drinking water and some snacks for your journey.crubbing and ensuring shampoo/soap is unscented if used, etc.

Walking #

If you elect to travel to Arafat by foot, keep in mind that it will probably be the most challenging walk you will encounter during the course of your Hajj. The walk is quite lengthy, particularly if you’re from Europe, as the Europa camps are situated on the other side of Arafat, meaning the distance of the journey will exceed 8 miles. Finding your camp upon arrival in Arafat may also prove fairly challenging. It is also worth noting that the Prophet ﷺ rode from Mina to Arafat on a conveyance, so travelling from Mina to Arafat by foot is not a Sunnah practice.

If you decide to walk, there will be water taps, washing facilities, benches to rest on, people selling refreshments and medical facilities at regular intervals.

Arrival in Arafat #

For your Hajj to be deemed valid, you must perform Wuquf al-Arafat i.e. you must spend a portion of time in Arafat between midday and the beginning of Fajr on the following day. If you don’t reach Arafat during this period, your Hajj will be regarded as incomplete.

If you arrive early, take some time to rest and get some sleep, as the time of Arafat doesn’t begin until after midday. Some people erroneously start their Dua for Arafat before midday and rest in the evening; this is an incorrect practice and should be avoided.

During the course of the day, you should spend as much time in Dhikr and Ibadah as possible. It is perhaps a day that you will never experience again, so make the most of it.

Virtues of Arafat #

The Prophet ﷺ said in a famous Hadith:

Hajj is Arafat.

Narrated in Sunan al-Tirmidhi

This saying of the Prophet ﷺ indicates that standing on the plains of Arafat during Yawm al-Arafat is of such immense importance that without it, the entire Hajj is invalid.

The Prophet ﷺ also said the following about this day:

There is no day on which Allah ransoms more slaves from the Fire than the Day of Arafat. He draws closer and closer, then He boasts about them before the angels and says: ‘What do these people want?’

Narrated in Sunan Ibn Majah

Dhuhr and Asr Salah in Arafat #

After midday, if you haven’t already done so in Mina, perform Ghusl.

You will then head towards Masjid al-Namirah, where you will combine the Dhuhr and Asr prayers in Qasr mode i.e. shortening them. This is the location where the Prophet ﷺ delivered his sermon during his final Hajj.

According to the Hanafi Madhhab, Dhuhr and Asr can only be combined in Masjid al-Namirah behind the Imam. The two prayers cannot be combined in the tents, so must be performed during their respective times in the tents if the Masjid is inaccessible. The other three Sunni schools of thought state that it is permissible to combine the prayers in the tents.

Before the Salah takes place in the mosque, there is a Khutbah (sermon). For those who manage to get a space in the Masjid, or are within hearing distance, listen to the Khutbah attentively.

The combined Salah is then performed as follows:

• There is one Adhan.
• Iqama is made for Dhuhr.
• Takbir is made for Dhuhr Fardh Salah and two Rakats are performed.
• After the prayer is completed, while standing, recite Takbir al-Tashreeq.
• Iqama is made for Asr.
• Takbir is made for Asr Fardh Salah and two Rakats are performed.
• After the prayer is completed, recite Takbir al-Tashreeq and Talbiyah.
• No additional Nafl (optional) prayers are performed before or after these prayers.
• If you are too far from the Masjid and have access to a radio, you can listen to the Khutbah. The sermon will be in Arabic so someone from your group will need to translate it.

Lunch is normally provided after Salah. However, it is advised that you shouldn’t spend too much time eating, as the time after Salah needs to be spent wisely.

After Salah until Sunset #

After Salah, you will stay in Arafat until sunset. This period of time is extremely important, so full advantage must be taken. During your Wuquf (standing), spend your time:

• Reading the Quran.
• Doing Dhikr.
• Sending Salawat upon the Prophet ﷺ.
• Reciting Talbiyah.
• Offering your supplications.
• Don’t spend your time eating, engaging in idle talk or sleeping during the most important day of your Hajj pilgrimage. Seize the moment, separate yourself from people and connect to Allah.

Wuquf al-Arafat #

In the late afternoon, stand in the open and raise your hands in supplication to Allah, as the Prophet ﷺ had done, facing the Kaaba. It is recommended to do the Wuquf (standing) at the foot of Jabal al-Rahmah (the Mount of Mercy), although you can stand outside your tent if you please.

During these sacred moments, you are alone with Allah so use this time to repent earnestly and supplicate in abundance. It is a period where Duas are readily accepted so make the most of the opportunity. You may supplicate in any language or recite Masnoon Duas (Duas of the Prophet ﷺ recorded in the Sunnah). Ensure you know the meaning of what you’re reciting if you don’t understand Arabic.

Remember to supplicate for:

• The Holy Prophet ﷺ .
• Our pious predecessors.
• Yourself.
• Your family and relatives.
• The entire Muslim community, especially those suffering around the world.
• Those who have passed away.
• It is a good idea to prepare a list of Duas beforehand, as well as a list of all those people who asked you to pray for them on your Hajj.

Please note: If the heat gets too intense whilst you’re making Dua and it’s affecting you physically, you may make Dua in your tent or in some shade, standing or sitting. If you get tired of keeping your arms raised, you may continue to make Dua without raising them.

Leaving Arafat #

Immediately after sunset, you will leave Arafat to make your way to Muzdalifah.

Before you leave for Muzdalifah, ensure you use the toilets and perform Wudhu in Arafat, as you will be performing Salah in Muzdalifah. Plan to avoid using the toilet and washing facilities in Muzdalifah because they tend to get very crowded. It will also be dark by the time you get there.

It is Wajib (obligatory) to stay in Arafat until sunset. If you leave before sunset, a penalty will be due upon you.

If you board the coach and start your journey towards Muzdalifah prior to sunset, don’t worry as the coach will remain within the boundary of Arafat and will only cross after sunset.

This journey can be a quick one or it can take some time, depending on traffic and your location in Arafat. Many pilgrims choose to journey to Muzdalifah by foot.

Walking #

The journey to Muzdalifah will take approximately 2 hours if you intend to walk. The distance between the two sites is about 8 kilometres (5 miles). You may walk towards the boundary of Arafat before sunset, but ensure you don’t cross this boundary until the sun has actually set. The boundaries for Arafat are indicated by large yellow sign posts.

Maghrib Salah shouldn’t be performed at Arafat and must be observed at Muzdalifah later in the evening. If it is performed at Arafat, it must be repeated at Muzdalifah.

As you proceed to Muzdalifah, exercise patience and continue to recite Talbiyah and other prayers.

The name Muzdalifah is derived from the Arabic verb “Izdalafa”, which means “to approach” or “to come near”. Muzdalifah is also known as al-Mashar al-Haram, which is mentioned in the Quran:

فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُم مِّنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِندَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِن كُنتُم مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ

But when you depart from Arafat, remember Allah at al-Mashar al-Haram. And remember Him, as He has guided you, for indeed, you were before that among those astray.
Quran, surah al-Baqarah 2:198

The Prophet ﷺ at Muzdalifah #

After sunset, the Prophet ﷺ departed Arafat. Upon arrival at Muzdalifah, he repeated the Talbiyah and performed Wudhu.

After the Adhan (call to prayer) and the Iqama (second call to prayer) were performed, Maghrib Salah was observed. Thereafter, the Iqama was performed again and Isha Salah was read in Qasr mode i.e. it was shortened to two Rakats. No voluntary prayers were made between the two prayers. Abdullah ibn Umar I narrates narrates:

The Prophet ﷺ offered the Maghrib and Isha prayers together at Jam (i.e. al-Muzdalifa) with a separate Iqama for each of them and did not offer any optional prayer in between them or after each of them.

Narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari

In another narration, there was only one Iqama:

Ibn Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger ﷺ combined the sunset and Isha prayers at Muzdalifah. He observed three Rakats of the sunset prayer and three Rakats of the Isha prayer with one Iqama.

Narrated in Sahih Muslim

The Prophet ﷺ then rested until dawn. After the moon had set, he permitted some of the weaker members of his family i.e. women, children, the elderly and infirm, to return to Mina that night rather than to wait until dawn of the following day. One such example was one of the wives of the Prophet ﷺ , Sawda bint Zama. Aisha J narrates:

We got down at Muzdalifah and Sawda asked the permission of the Prophet ﷺ to leave (early) before the rush of the people. She was a slow woman and he gave her permission, so she departed (from Muzdalifah) before the rush of the people. We kept on staying at Muzdalifah till dawn, and set out with the Prophet ﷺ but (I suffered so much that) I wished I had taken the permission of Allah’s Messenger ﷺ as Sawda had done, and that would have been dearer to me than any other happiness.

Narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari

The Prophet ﷺ woke up at dawn and led the Fajr prayer. He then mounted his she-camel, al-Qaswa, and proceeded to al-Mashar al-Haram where he praised Allah and supplicated to Him.

After that, he picked up seven small pebbles and left for Mina before sunrise. He continued to recite Talbiyah during this journey.

Arrival at Muzdalifah #

At Muzdalifah, you will stay under the night sky. There are no tents or other accommodation facilities here. Although there are plenty of lights, it is still fairly dark and can prove quite difficult to distinguish between people.

As soon as you disembark the coach, stay near your group. If you are a woman, ensure you stay with your husband/Mahram and do not wander off on your own.

Toilets and Wudhu facilities are available, but they will be crowded so patience must be exercised here. Sometimes, pilgrims are forced to use the bushes/mountains due to the long queues. It is for this reason that you are advised to use the toilet before you leave Arafat.

The boundaries for Muzdalifah are indicated by large purple sign posts. There is also a mosque in Muzdalifah known as Mashar al-Haram, which is on the site of what used to be a small mountain.

If you get a chance after Salah, go for a walk around Muzdalifah. The multitudes of people within Muzdalifah is certainly an amazing sight. However, make sure you don’t get lost.

Take great care in Muzdalifah. It’s a good idea to always carry a mobile phone and a torch (flashlight) with you.

Maghrib & Isha Salah #

Maghrib and Isha, in the form of Qasr, will be performed together at the time of Isha.

If you have arrived in Muzdalifah early, you must wait until the time of Isha comes in before you can perform the prayers.

If Isha Salah is performed first, it must be repeated again after Maghrib Salah.

The prayers are performed as follows:

• There is one Adhan.
• Iqama is made for Maghrib.
• Takbir is made for Maghrib Fardh Salah and three Rakats are performed.
• After the prayer is completed, while standing, recite Takbir al-Tashreeq.
• Iqama is made for Isha Salah.
• Takbir is made for Isha Fardh Salah and two Rakats are performed.
• After the prayer is completed, recite Takbir al-Tashreeq and Talbiyah.
• No additional Nafl (optional) prayers are performed before or after these prayers.
• Witr Salah is performed thereafter.

Please note, if you are still in Arafat, stuck on the coach in traffic or making your way to Muzdalifah and you fear that the time of Isha will expire causing you to miss the prayers, the Maghrib and Isha prayers should be combined and performed on the way to Muzdalifah. Generally, if you haven’t reached Muzdalifah by night, perform the prayers in the position that you are. Remember the time for Isha doesn’t last until Fajr.

Women, Children, the Elderly & Infirm #

Rasulullah ﷺ made concessions for individuals who were regarded as weak, such as women, children, the elderly and infirm, to leave Muzdalifah for Mina between the time of moonset and dawn.

Collecting Pebbles #

You need to collect a total of 49 pebbles to perform Rami over the next three days. The breakdown is as follows:

• 7 for the 10th of Dhul Hijjah.
• 21 for the 11th of Dhul Hijjah.
• 21 for the 12th of Dhul Hijjah.

It is advised, however, that you pick up a further 21 pebbles as a precautionary measure to bring your total up to 70. When you’re throwing the pebbles at the Jamarat, you may miss the target or some pebbles may fall from your hand. It’s better to have more than to have less.

It is a Sunnah to collect the pebbles in the morning as Rasulullah ﷺ had done, although collecting them during the night is also perfectly acceptable.

The following are some tips regarding pebbles:

• Walk to the foot of the nearby hills to find pebbles.
• Use your torch (flashlight).
• Pebbles should be about the size of a pea; anything beneath or exceeding this size is not desirable, although still accepted.
• Collect the pebbles from a clean place.
• Don’t collect pebbles lying around the bathroom facilities.
• If there is no filth on the pebbles, assume they are clean and don’t need to be washed.
• If the pebbles are visibly dirty, they should be washed.
• You can help one another find pebbles; it doesn’t have to be an individual endeavour.
• Put your pebbles in a pebble bag you have bought with you specifically for this purpose. If you don’t have one, you can use a small, empty water bottle which also works well.

The Night #

There are two things you can do during the night:

• Ibadah – Spending the night in worship is recommended and full of blessings.
• Rest – Get some well-needed rest in preparation for the next three days of Hajj, as was the practice of Rasulullah ﷺ .

Finding a space to sleep can initially prove quite troublesome, due to the sheer number of people. If you do find a space, make sure it’s with your group.

If you have brought a sleeping bag with you, now would be the time to use it. If you didn’t bring one, you should be able to buy a cheap mat, inflatable pillow and a blanket.

Fajr Salah & Wuquf #

It is advised that you keep some water with you to perform Wudhu for Fajr Salah unless you’re close to the washing facilities and are happy to use them.

It is Sunnah to perform Fajr Salah at the earliest part of dawn whilst it is still dark. Fajr in Muzdalifah is approximately five minutes after the time of Fajr in Makkah, so make a note of the Fajr Adhan time in Makkah beforehand. You may also hear the Adhan from the Masjid in Mashar al-Haram.

It is also a Sunnah to perform Wuquf in Muzdalifah after Fajr Salah, even if it’s for a moment. Dua should be made in the same manner as Arafat i.e. standing while facing the Qibla. Make strong supplications here, like you did in Arafat, as Duas here are accepted. You shouldn’t leave Muzdalifah before you have completed your Wuquf.

If you’re being ushered to your coach by your tour operator, your Dua can be made while you wait in the queue for your coach. It is not a necessity to raise your hands or stand while making Dua if it is not convenient to do so, although there is greater reward in standing.

Leaving for Mina #

The distance to your camp in Mina is about 3 miles (5 kilometres) away from where you currently are so it is advised to wait for a coach. Exercise patience as you wait for the coach to leave Muzdalifah.

The walk back to Mina can be quite strenuous and you may get lost on the way. However, if you do decide to walk, it’s advisable to camp near the border, so it’s a shorter distance to walk to Mina. The duration of the walk should be between one and two hours. If you camp further away, the walk could last more than two hours.

Ensure you leave soon after you have done Wuquf and made your supplications. It is the Sunnah of Rasulullah ﷺ to leave the boundary of Muzdalifah prior to sunrise. The sooner you leave, the more likely you are to avoid congestion. Don’t spend too much time having breakfast and remember to continue reciting Talbiyah on the way.

Once you’re back in Mina on the 10th of Dhul Hijjah, you will partake in these rituals in the following sequence:

• Rami (pelting) of Jamarah al-Aqaba (the big pillar).
• Hady (sacrificing an animal) – this is only obligatory (Wajib) for those pilgrims performing Hajj al-Tamattu and Hajj al-Qiran. For those performing Hajj al-Ifrad, Hady is recommended.
• Halq/Taqsir (cutting the hair).
• Tawaf al-Ziyarah.

There is flexibility in terms of the timeframe in which each of these rituals must be performed. They can all be performed on the 10th if you wish or can be performed any time after sunrise on the 10th and before sunset on the 12th. However, it is necessary to perform them in the correct order. If the ritual is performed outside the fixed timeframe or the aforementioned rituals are performed in the incorrect order, a penalty will be due.

• Rami al-Jamarat in details

On the 10th of Dhul Hijjah, only Jamarah al-Aqaba (the big pillar) will be pelted. You must not pelt the small and medium pillars on this occasion, although if they are pelted erroneously, a penalty will not be due. The pillars are clearly marked with signposts in both English and Arabic, so make sure you identify the big pillar before you pelt.

Jamarah al-Aqaba (the big pillar) is the one located closest to Makkah, Jamarat al-Ula (the small pillar) is located near Masjid al-Khayf in Mina and Jamarat al-Wusta (the medium pillar) is located between the big and small pillars.

Only the big pillar must be pelted on this day. Pelting can be performed between the time of Fajr Salah on 10th and the time of Fajr Salah on 11th. However, there are various times of the day where pelting is more virtuous than other times. These times are as follows:

• Before Fajr Salah – Not allowed to pelt.
• Between Fajr Salah and sunrise – Disliked (Makruh) for men*, but still valid and permissible for women, the elderly and the infirm.
• Sunrise to midday (10 minutes before the beginning of Dhuhr Salah) – Sunnah. Try to perform Rami at this time, provided it isn’t too crowded.
• Between midday and sunset – Permissible (Mubah) without being disliked.
• Between sunset and Fajr Salah (of the 11th) – Disliked (Makruh) for men*, but still valid and permissible for women, the elderly and the infirm.
• Pelting must be completed within the allotted timeframe, otherwise a penalty will be due.

The busiest time for performing Rami is just after midday. There is less crowding immediately before or after Asr Salah, as well as during the night, so performing Rami during these times would be ideal if you want to avoid the congestion.

Walking to the Jamarat #

The Jamarat are located at the far side of Mina i.e. the end that is closest to Makkah.

Before you set off, ensure you take your pebbles with you in your pebble bag or plastic bottle. Take about 10 pebbles – 7 to throw at the pillar and a few extra just in case.

Walking to the Jamarat from your camp in Mina, through a series of tunnels would prove easier than travelling there by coach.

Ensure you stay hydrated during this walk and use an umbrella to protect yourself from the sun. Despite the shade from the tunnels, it can still get very hot. There are plenty of refreshments available on the way and the police are even kind enough to spray pilgrims with water to keep them cool.

Make you don’t sit under the bridges or on any of the walkways on the way to Jamarat. Impeding the efficient flow of pilgrims could turn into a potentially dangerous situation.

How to perform Rami al Jamarat #

The Sunnah method of performing Rami is as follows:

• Ensure you are in a state of Wudhu.
• Ensure Mina is to your right and Makkah is to your left.
• Stand at least 15 feet (5 metres) away from the pot.
• Keep seven or more stones in your left hand.
• Grasp a pebble between your thumb and index finger and raise your hand as high as possible.
• Throw the pebble, reciting Takbir (اللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ ) with each throw.
• Stop reciting Talbiyah after the first pebble lands in the pot.
• Repeat this process with your other pebbles; a total of seven pebbles should be thrown into the pot around the Jamarat.
• If you’re stoning the small or medium Jamarat, after pelting either of the pillars, move away from it, stand away from the crowd and make Dua facing the Qibla.

Supplication #

During Ayyam al-Tashreeq i.e. the last three days of Hajj, it is Sunnah to face the Qibla after pelting each of the small and medium Jamarat and make Dua. After you have pelted, move away from the Jamarah, stand away from the crowd and make Dua facing the Qibla, which is in the direction of the big Jamarah. Others will also be making Dua so you will know what direction to face if you are unsure. Please note, Dua is not to be made after pelting the big Jamarah – you will pelt this pillar and move on.

Jamarat Tips & Advice #

Before:

• The busiest time for performing Rami is just after midday. There is less crowding immediately before or after Asr Salah, as well as during the night, so performing Rami during these times would be ideal if you want to avoid the congestion.
• For the days of Tashreeq (11th, 12th & 13th of Dhul Hijjah), when you’re no longer in the state of Ihram, it is advisable to wear trainers / running shoes, as this will provide you with better grip.
• Try to use the lower level as it tends to be less crowded than the upper level. There are multiple exits in the lower level whereas, on the upper level, there is only one way to get in and out. Most people use the upper level since it’s more prominent, so it’s a good idea to use the lower level.

During:

• Aim for the pot rather than the pillar. The pelting is still valid if it hits the pillar and lands in the pot.
• If the pebble hits the pillar but doesn’t land in the pot, the throw won’t count and another pebble will have to be thrown.
• If the pebble lands in the pot but rolls off the pile of pebbles, it still counts and doesn’t have to be repeated.
• Don’t throw pebbles from too far a distance. If you’re trying to avoid the crowd and throw from a distance, there is a chance you might hit someone.
• Similarly, don’t go too close to the Jamarah and merely drop the pebble in the pot. The word Rami means ‘to throw’ and as such pebbles should be thrown. Although dropping pebbles into the pot will be valid, it is against the Sunnah and should be avoided.
• Don’t bend over the brim of the Jamarah enclosure as the crowd may push you over.
• If you miss or you are unsure whether you hit the target, throw again.
• If you throw the pebble and it falls short, provided it is safe to do so, pick the pebble up and throw it again.
• If you run out of pebbles, lose them or forget them, you may pick some up from anywhere, although you should avoid those near the Jamarat as this is a Makruh (disliked) practice.
• Pebbles don’t have to belong to you; sharing pebbles is permitted.

After Pelting #

After the pelting has been completed, you have two options:

• Return back to your camp in Mina where you wait until the animal sacrifice has been performed. You then have your haircut, exit the state of Ihram and proceed to Makkah where you perform Tawaf al-Ziyarah. This is the Sunnah method.
• Proceed to Makkah to perform Tawaf al-Ziyarah directly from the Jamarat, while the animal sacrifice is performed on your behalf, as is normally arranged by tour operators. The individual responsible for the sacrifice will then contact your hotel to let you know that the sacrifice has been carried out at which point you can go ahead and have your haircut in Makkah, allowing you to leave the state of Ihram and perform Tawaf al-Ziyarah. Alternatively, you can perform Tawaf al-Ziyarah before the animal sacrifice has been carried out whilst still in the state of Ihram. Although this isn’t the Sunnah method, it is still acceptable and won’t result in a penalty.

Hady is the Wajib (obligatory) sacrifice performed on the Day of Nahr. It can be carried out after performing Rami of the Jamarah al-Aqaba (the big pillar) up until sunset on the 12th of Dhul Hijjah. If it is carried out before or after this timeframe, a penalty will be necessary. It must be performed before cutting your hair and leaving the state of Ihram. Although it is not obligatory for those performing Hajj al-Ifrad, it is certainly recommended.

Where to Perform Hady #

The sacrifice can be carried out anywhere in Mina, Muzdalifah or Makkah. There are a number of modern slaughterhouses next to the Europa Camps in Mina as well as in Muzdalifah. It is a Sunnah to perform your sacrifice in Mina, although it is completely acceptable to have it done in Muzdalifah and Makkah.

A pilgrim collecting his HadyA pilgrim collecting his Hady After you have performed Rami, if you have returned to your camp in Mina, you can go directly to the slaughterhouses where the sacrifices are performed. There are kiosks outside the slaughterhouses selling coupons which you will need for the animal sacrifice. You can either have someone do it in front of you or you can do it yourself. Remember that millions of animals are being slaughtered in this area, so it certainly isn’t for the faint-hearted.

It is more likely however that the animal sacrifice has already been arranged by your travel agent as part of your Hajj package. If this is the case, you don’t have to be physically present at the slaughterhouse to supervise the sacrifice. Once the Hady has been carried out, you should be notified at which point you can have your haircut and leave the state of Ihram.

Please refer to this article for additional information on animal sacrifice.

After you have received confirmation of the animal sacrifice being carried out, proceed to have your hair shaved if you’re a man (Halq) or trimmed if you’re a woman (Taqsir).

If you’re performing Hajj al-Ifrad as opposed to Hajj al-Tamattu or Hajj al-Qiran, you may have your cut immediately after pelting the big pillar on the 10th of Dhul Hijjah and don’t need to wait for the animal sacrifice to be carried out.

The hair must be cut before sunset on the 12th of Dhul Hijjah. If it is delayed beyond this point, a penalty will be due.

The hair may be cut in Makkah, Mina or Muzdalifah although it is Sunnah to have the hair cut in Mina. Cutting the hair outside the boundary of the Haram will result in a penalty.

Once the hair has been cut, all restrictions of Ihram will be lifted with the exception of marital relations between husband and wife. This final restriction is only removed once Tawaf al-Ziyarah has been performed in Makkah.

For health and safety reasons, please ensure you use a licensed barber to cut your hair or use your own equipment.

For details, see Halq/Taqsir.

Halq ruling if you do multiple umrahs within a few days #

As this QA says, if a person performs multiple umrahs within a few days and if the hair have grown a little, then he must pass the razor over his head to exit ihram.

Certainly Allah had shown to His Messenger the vision with truth: you shall most certainly enter the Sacred Mosque, if Allah pleases, in security, (some) having their heads shaved and (others) having their hair cut, you shall not fear, but He knows what you do not know, so He brought about a near victory before that.
Quran, surah Al-Fath (The Victory) 48:27

After having your hair cut, you will proceed to Makkah where you will perform Tawaf al-Ziyarah (also known as Tawaf al-Ifadah). Tawaf al-Ziyarah is one of the two pillars of Hajj (the other being Wuquf at Arafat) and its omission would render the Hajj invalid. It should be performed after Fajr on the 10th and before sunset on the 12th of Dhul Hijjah, although performing it on the 10th is advisable. If for any reason it can’t be performed until after the 12th, its performance will still be necessary although a penalty will also be due as expiation.

It is a Sunnah to perform Tawaf al-Ziyarah after Halq or Taqsir. Although it’s acceptable to perform Tawaf al-Ziyarah before Halq or Taqsir, the restrictions of Ihram won’t be lifted until the hair has been cut.

Travelling to Makkah #

It is advisable to travel back to Makkah by bus or by taxi as you will need the energy to perform the Tawaf and Sa’i. Mutawwif (government) buses won’t be available to take you back to Makkah due to the fact that pilgrims will be performing the various rituals at different points in the day. Therefore you need to make arrangements with a private bus or taxi, normally available near the Jamarat.

If you are planning to walk, the distance from the Jamarat to Masjid al-Haram is about 5 kilometres (3 miles) and may take up to two hours. After pelting Jamarah al-Aqaba (the big pillar) continue in the direction of Makkah until you reach a series of pedestrian tunnels leading you directly to Makkah to the area between Safa and Marwah.

Performing Tawaf al-Ziyarah #

Prior to performing Tawaf al-Ziyarah, it a Sunnah to perform Ghusl (shower). If have had your hair cut and left the state of Ihram, you may use scented products while taking a shower. If you haven’t had your hair cut and are still in the state of Ihram, be careful not to use any products that violate the restrictions of Ihram.

You may want to perform this Tawaf on the roof level as the lower levels can become extremely crowded. Masjid al-Haram tends to get very crowded after 10 AM, so if you arrive in Makkah early, it’s a good idea to do Tawaf before this time. The next best time to perform Tawaf is after Isha Salah.

As you begin the Tawaf, you don’t have to make a specific intention for Tawaf al-Ziyarah. Any Tawaf performed in the aforementioned timeframe for this particular Tawaf will count as Tawaf al-Ziyarah.

Complete the seven circuits of Tawaf and perform two Rakats of Salah at Maqam Ibrahim thereafter. You should also drink some Zamzam water. Please note, Raml (uncovering your right shoulder if in Ihram) or Idtiba (walking briskly) should not be practised during this Tawaf.

Refer to this article for a detailed guide on Tawaf.

Marital relations will now become lawful, provided the Hady has been completed and you have had your hair cut, allowing you to leave the state of Ihram.

Sa’i of Tawaf al-Ziyarah #

Sa’i of Tawaf al-Ziyarah is a requirement for those performing Hajj al-Tamattu. If you are performing Hajj al-Qiran or Hajj al-Ifrad, you may have already performed Sa’i after Tawaf al-Qudum (the welcome Tawaf). If this is the case, you aren’t required to perform this particular Sa’i. If you didn’t, you must perform Sa’i at this juncture.

Like with the Tawaf, no particular intention has to be made for this Sa’i. The first Sa’i performed after Tawaf al-Ziyarah will be regarded as the Sa’i of Tawaf al-Ziyarah.

This Sa’i can be performed in regular clothing if you have discarded your Ihram (as is the case with Tawaf al-Ziyarah if you have had your hair cut prior to performing it.)

Complete the seven circuits of Sa’i between Safa and Marwah.

The Sa’i doesn’t have to be performed immediately after Tawaf al-Ziyarah, nor does it need to be performed before sunset on the 12th of Dhul Hijjah, although you should endeavour to perform it within this timeframe. There is no harm in delaying it until after this point, although returning home without performing it will result in a penalty. However, marital relations will be lawful as the Tawaf has been completed.

The hair will not be cut again after this particular Sa’i has been completed.

Refer to this article for a detailed guide on Sa’i.

Travelling back to Mina and spending the nights of the 10th and 11th of Dhul Hijjah is a Sunnah. According to the Hanafi Madhhab, remaining in Makkah for these nights without a valid reason is disliked (Makruh) although doing so won’t incur a penalty. According to the other three Madhhabs, remaining in Makkah will result in a penalty. Therefore, every effort should be made to return to Mina. If Tawaf al-Ziyarah and its Sa’i is performed during any one of the nights of the 10th and 11th, the remainder of each respective night should be spent in Mina.

As was the case with travelling to Makkah, government buses won’t be available so you will need to take a private bus, hire a taxi or walk. If you do take a taxi, you won’t be taken directly to your camp but will be dropped off at the Jamarat, as the police won’t allow the taxi to travel beyond this point.

If you walk back to Mina, make sure you don’t get lost and walk with those who are sure of the route.

Pelting must be performed after Zawwal (midday) on the 11th and before Fajr on the 12th.

After Zawwal, preferably before or after Asr when there should be less of a crowd, proceed to the Jamarat with about 30 stones. You will need seven stones for each pillar but keep some spare stones with you, just in case you need them.

It is Sunnah to pelt Jamarah al-Ula (the small pillar) first, followed by Dua, then Jamarah al-Wusta (the middle pillar), followed by Dua and finally Jamarah al-Aqaba (the big pillar), with no Dua thereafter.

Dua should be made standing away from the crowd, facing the Qibla.

If Rami is performed in a different order e.g. the big Jamarah is pelted first, it won’t have to be repeated nor will a penalty be due, although it is contrary to the Sunnah.

Please refer to this article for the procedure on how to perform Rami al-Jamarat.

Timing #

There are various times of the day where pelting is more virtuous than other times. These times are as follows:

Before Zawwal (midday) – Not allowed to pelt. After Zawwal (the beginning time of Dhuhr Salah) until sunset – Sunnah. Try to perform Rami between these times, provided it isn’t too crowded. Between sunset and Fajr Salah – Disliked (Makruh) for men*, but still valid and permissible for women, the elderly and the infirm.

After Pelting #

Upon completion, return to your camp in Mina and spend the day in worship, making most of the remaining time you have.

If you have not completed any of the rites of the previous day, you may do so today.

On this day, you do exactly the same as the previous day i.e. pelt all three Jamarat.

Pelting must be performed after Zawwal (midday) on the 12th and before Fajr on the 13th.

Ensure any remaining rites you haven’t yet performed are completed before sunset on this day or a penalty will be necessary for each one missed.

Leaving for Makkah #

If you want to leave for Makkah after you have performed Rami, you should do so before sunset. Departing after sunset is Makruh (disliked), although permissible without incurring a penalty.

If you’re still within the boundaries of Mina by the start of Fajr Salah on the 13th, it becomes Wajib (obligatory) to perform Rami on this day. Omitting Rami once it has become obligatory will result in a penalty.

It is worth keeping in mind that the Jamarah al-Aqaba (the big pillar) is inside the boundary of Makkah rather than the boundary of Mina. Therefore, providing you get to this point before Fajr Salah on the 13th of Dhul Hijjah, you won’t be obliged to perform Rami on this day.

It’s a good idea to travel to Makkah by foot since vehicular transport is quite chaotic on this day.

Wadi al-Muhassab #

On the way back to Makkah, it is a Sunnah to stop in an area called Wadi al-Muhassab as was the practice of Rasulullah ﷺ .

Anas bin Malik narrated: The Prophet ﷺ offered the Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib and the Isha prayers and slept for a while at a place called al-Muhassab and then rode to the Kaaba and performed Tawaf round it.

Narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari

Omitting this, however, won’t result in a penalty.

Although not necessary, it is desirable to remain in Mina on the 13th of Dhul Hijjah and perform Rami on this day. By this point, all rites of Hajj should have been performed.

If you do make the intention to stay in Mina, make sure you have sufficient food and drink as most people would have left for Makkah on the previous day.

Like the previous two days, all three Jamarat will be pelted. The timing is as follows:

After the beginning time of Fajr Salah until Zawwal (midday) – Makruh (disliked) but permissible. After Zawwal (the beginning time of Dhuhr Salah) until Sunset – Sunnah. The window ends immediately at sunset. A penalty will be due if Rami hasn’t been performed by this point.

On completion, leave Mina for Makkah. You may use private transport or walk.

Tawaf al-Wida (Tawaf al-Sadr) #

Tawaf al-Wida (the farewell Tawaf) also known as Tawaf al-Sadr is the last rite performed before departing from Makkah. It is Wajib (obligatory) and must be performed prior to leaving the boundaries of the Haram. Omitting this Tawaf, without a valid reason, will result in a penalty.

Tawaf al-Wida may be performed any time after Tawaf al-Ziyarah although it is preferable that it is performed prior to departure from Makkah. Therefore, if you’re planning to stay in Makkah for a few extra days, you may perform normal Ibadah as you did prior to the days of Hajj, ensuring you perform the Tawaf just before you leave.

Any Tawaf performed after Tawaf al-Ziyarah will count as Tawaf al-Wida, even if its intention was not made or an intention for Nafl Tawaf was made.

Performing Tawaf al-Wida Complete the seven circuits of Tawaf and perform two Rakats of Salah at Maqam Ibrahim thereafter. You should also drink some Zamzam water. Please note, Raml (uncovering your right shoulder in Ihram) or Idtiba (walking briskly) should not be practised during this Tawaf. There is no Sa’i thereafter, nor should the hair be cut.

Refer to this article for a detailed guide on Tawaf.

Your Hajj is now complete. May it be accepted. Ameen.